Next: Scaling durations, Previous: Augmentation dots, Up: Rhythms
Tuplets are made out of a music expression by multiplying all durations with a fraction
\times fraction musicexpr
The duration of musicexpr will be multiplied by the fraction. The fraction's denominator will be printed over the notes, optionally with a bracket. The most common tuplet is the triplet in which 3 notes have the length of 2, so the notes are 2/3 of their written length
g'4 \times 2/3 {c'4 c' c'} d'4 d'4
Tuplets may be nested, for example,
\override TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 4/6 {
a4 a
\times 3/5 { a a a a a }
}
\tupletUp,
\tupletDown,
\tupletNeutral.
The property tupletSpannerDuration specifies how long each
bracket should last. With this, you can make lots of tuplets while
typing \times only once, thus saving lots of typing. In the next
example, there are two triplets shown, while \times was only
used once
\set tupletSpannerDuration = #(ly:make-moment 1 4)
\times 2/3 { c8 c c c c c }
For more information about make-moment, see
Time administration.
The format of the number is determined by the property text in
TupletNumber. The default prints only the denominator, but if
it is set to the function tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text,
num:den will be printed instead.
To avoid printing tuplet numbers, use
\times 2/3 { c8 c c } \times 2/3 { c8 c c }
\override TupletNumber #'transparent = ##t
\times 2/3 { c8 c c } \times 2/3 { c8 c c }
Use the \tweak function to override nested tuplets beginning at the
same music moment. In this example, \tweak specifies fraction
text for the
outer TupletNumber and denominator text for the TupletNumber
of the first of the three inner tuplets.
\new Staff {
\tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 4/3 {
\tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-denominator-text
\times 2/3 { c'8[ c'8 c'8] }
\times 2/3 { c'8[ c'8 c'8] }
\times 2/3 { c'8[ c'8 c'8] }
}
}
Here \tweak and \override work together to specify
TupletBracket direction. The first \tweak positions
the TupletBracket of the outer
tuplet above the staff. The second \tweak positions the
TupletBracket of the first of the three inner tuplets below the
staff. Note that this pair of \tweak functions affects only
the outer tuplet and the first of the three inner tuplets because only
those two tuplets begin at the same music moment. We use \override
in the usual way to position the TupletBrackets of
the second and third of the inner tuplets below the staff.
\new Staff {
\tweak #'text #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\tweak #'direction #up
\times 4/3 {
\tweak #'direction #down
\times 2/3 { c'8[ c'8 c'8] }
\override TupletBracket #'direction = #down
\times 2/3 { c'8[ c'8 c'8] }
\times 2/3 { c'8[ c'8 c'8] }
}
}
Tuplet brackets can be made to run to prefatory matter or the next note
Program reference: TupletBracket,
TupletNumber, and TimeScaledMusic.
Next: Scaling durations, Previous: Augmentation dots, Up: Rhythms
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